SUBJECT, VERB, COMPLEMENT AND MODIFIER

SUBJECT
In English grammar, the subject is the part of a sentence or clause that commonly indicates (a) what it is about, or (b) who or what performs the action (that is, the agent).
The subject is typically a noun ("The dog . . ."), a noun phrase ("My sister's Yorkshire terrier . . ."), or a pronoun ("It . . ."). The subject pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who, and whoever.
In a declarative sentence, the subject usually appears before the verb ("The dog barks").
In an interrogative sentence, the subject usually follows the first part of a verb ("Does the dog ever bark?"). In an imperative sentence, the subject is commonly said to be "you understood" ("Bark!").
Consider the following sentence :
  1. She and her friends are at the fair.
  2. The book or the pen is in the drawer.
  3. The boy or his friends run every day.
Which The Subject?


COMBINED SUBJECT

Combined subject is a subject that has more than one subject in a sentence. Example :
  1. My father and my mother are life happily
  2. I and you are best friend
  3. Mira and maya are twins
  4. Jhoni and Lucky are enemy

HOW TO IDENTIFY THE SUBJECT
"The clearest way of spotting the subject of a sentence is to turn the sentence into a yes-no question (by this we mean a question which can be answered with either 'yes' or 'no').
In English, questions are formed by reversing the order between the subject and the first verb which follows it. Look at the following example:
  • He can keep a Tamagotchi alive for more than a week.
The appropriate question here if we want a 'yes' or 'no' as an answer is:
  • Can he keep a Tamagotchi alive for more than a week?
Here 'he' and 'can' have changed places and that means that 'he' must be the subject in the first sentence. . . .

"If there is no suitable verb in the original sentence, then use dummy do, and the subject is the constituent which occurs between do and the original verb."


VERB

A verb is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in English. In fact, you can’t have a sentence or a question without a verb! That’s how important these “action” parts of speech are. The verb signals an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs always express activity.
A verb can be considered as one of the most important parts of a sentence. You probably already know that a sentence must be composed of a subject and a predicate, so what makes a verb so important? Well, the verb is the main component of a predicate. Without it, there won’t be a sentence, just a bunch of words with an incomplete thought. Simply defined, the verb is a part of speech which is used to demonstrate an action or a state of being.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF VERBS?

1. Normal Verbs and Non-Continuous Verbs

The first type of verb used to express physical action is called  a Normal Verb, while the second one, which refers to an action you can’t see someone do, is called a Non-Continuous Verb.

Sample Sentences:
  • Jesse Pinkman laughed hysterically.
  • The verb in this sentence is laughed and the subject who does the action is Jessie Pinkman.
  • Aegon Targaryen and his sisters conquered the Seven Kingdoms.
  • The verb is conquered, while the subject in this sentence is Aegon Targaryen and his sisters.
2. Linking Verb
Aside from the Normal Verbs and Non-Continuous Verbs, there is another type which is called the Linking Verb.
As the name suggests, a linking verb is a kind of verb that links a subject to the complement. A complement is the part of a sentence which modifies or provides more information about the subject. Examples of linking verbs are:
am, is, was, are, were, has been, might have been, become, etc.
The words listed above are just some of the “true linking verbs.” They are called that way because they have no other functions but to serve as linking verbs. However, just like some people, certain verbs also have dual personalities. Take a look at the two sentences below:
  • Irine tasted the exotic food.
  • The exotic food tasted great!
In the first sentence, you can easily say that the italicized word is an action word done by Irine. However, in the second sentence, the same word has a different function. It serves as a linking verb that connects exotic food with the word, great.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF VERBS?
In order to be able to construct a grammatically correct sentence, it is very important that you know how to write in the proper verb tense. The three basic forms of verbs are past, present, and future. The first one obviously refers to an action that was already done, the second is for present action, and the third is for an action that will be done.

COMPLEMENT
Complement or complement sentence is one of the elements in the form of
words or word -word used to complete the meaning of the verb (verb) in a
sentence by pointing at the subject or direct object. Consider the example of the word that is included in and can as a Complement or complementary.

Examples of Complements
  • John is weak.
    • (The adjective weak tells us something about the subject (John). This is an example of a subject complement.)
  • John is a chicken.
    • (The noun phrase a chicken tells us something about the subject (John). This is another example of a subject complement.)
  • The vote made John's position untenable.
    • (The adjective untenable tells us something about the object (John's position). This is an example of an object complement.)


MODIFIER
In English grammar, a modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb to provide additional information about another word or word group (called the head). Also known as an adjunct.
As illustrated below, modifiers in English include adjectives, adverbs, demonstratives, possessive determiners, prepositional phrases, degree modifiers, and intensifiers.
Modifiers that appear before the head are called premodifiers; modifiers that appear after the head are called postmodifiers.
Modifiers may be either restrictive (essential to the meaning of a sentence) or nonrestrictive (additional but not essential elements in a sentence).

Examples of Modifiers

Modifiers can play the roles of adjectives or adverbs.

1. Modifiers As Adjectives
When a modifier is an adjective, it modifies a noun or a pronoun. (In these examples, the modifiers are shaded, and the words being modified are bold).
  • Lee caught a small mackerel.
    • (Here, the adjective small modifies the noun mackerel.)
  • Lee caught a small mackerel.
    • (Don't forget that articles (i.e., the, an, and a) are adjectives too. Here, a modifies the noun mackerel as does small.)
  • Lee caught another one.
    • (Here, the adjective another modifies the pronoun one.)
 2. Modifiers As Adverbs
When a modifier is an adverb, it modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. For example:
  • Lee accidentally caught a small whelk.
    • (Here, the adverb accidentally modifies the verb caught.)
  • Lee caught an incredibly small mackerel.
    • (Here, the adverb incredibly modifies the adjective small.)
  • Lee supposedly accidentally caught a small whelk.
    • (Here, the adverb supposedly modifies the adverb accidentally.)

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